
A dental crown is a cap placed over a damaged or decayed tooth to restore its shape, size, strength, and appearance. It can be used to protect a weak tooth, cover a large filling, or improve the appearance of a tooth. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of the procedure to place a crown:
1. Initial Consultation and Evaluation
- Examination: The dentist will start by examining the tooth to determine if a crown is necessary. They may take X-rays to check the tooth’s condition and ensure there is enough healthy tooth structure remaining for the crown to adhere to.
- Assessment: The dentist will assess the extent of the damage or decay to the tooth. If the tooth is too damaged, a root canal may be needed before placing the crown. In cases of severe decay, the dentist may also need to build up the tooth with a filling material before placing the crown.
2. Preparing the Tooth for the Crown
- Numbing: Local anesthesia is usually administered to numb the area around the affected tooth. This ensures you don’t feel pain during the procedure.
- Shaping the Tooth: The dentist will reshape the tooth by removing any decay or damaged portions. This step involves filing down the tooth to make space for the crown to fit comfortably. If the tooth is severely damaged, the dentist may need to build it up with filling material to ensure a proper fit for the crown.
- Impression of the Tooth: After reshaping, the dentist will take an impression (mold) of the tooth and the surrounding teeth. This can be done using traditional putty material or with a digital scanner. The impression is sent to a dental laboratory where the permanent crown will be custom-made to fit your tooth perfectly.
3. Temporary Crown Placement
- Temporary Crown: While waiting for the permanent crown to be fabricated, which typically takes 1-2 weeks, the dentist will place a temporary crown over the prepared tooth. The temporary crown is designed to protect the tooth and keep it functional while the permanent crown is being made.
- Cementing the Temporary Crown: The temporary crown is typically made of acrylic or resin and is held in place with a temporary adhesive, so it can be easily removed when the permanent crown is ready.
4. Fitting the Permanent Crown
- Receiving the Permanent Crown: Once the permanent crown is ready, you’ll return to the dentist’s office. The dentist will remove the temporary crown and clean the prepared tooth.
- Trial Fitting: The dentist will first place the permanent crown on your tooth without cementing it to check for fit, appearance, and comfort. They’ll ensure the crown aligns properly with your bite and that it fits snugly without being too tight or loose.
- Adjustments: If needed, the dentist will make adjustments to the crown’s shape or size to ensure a perfect fit. This may involve shaving down the crown or adding material to improve its fit.
5. Cementing the Crown
- Final Placement: Once the fit is confirmed, the dentist will clean the tooth and crown, ensuring there are no particles or debris. The crown is then cemented onto the tooth using a strong dental adhesive (dental cement). The dentist will ensure the cement bonds securely, holding the crown in place permanently.
- Curing the Cement: The cement may need to be cured (hardened) using a special light, which helps ensure the crown stays in place.
6. Final Adjustments and Polishing
- Bite Check: After the crown is secured, the dentist will check your bite to make sure the crown doesn’t interfere with how your teeth come together when you bite down. If necessary, they will adjust the crown’s height for proper alignment.
- Polishing: The crown is polished to give it a natural, smooth finish that blends in with the rest of your teeth. This makes the crown look aesthetically pleasing and natural.
7. Aftercare and Follow-Up
- Comfort: After the procedure, it’s normal to feel some slight discomfort or sensitivity in the treated tooth, but this usually goes away in a few days. Over-the-counter pain relievers can help manage any discomfort.
- Instructions: The dentist will provide instructions on how to care for your new crown, including avoiding hard or sticky foods in the first few hours after placement. They may also recommend brushing and flossing gently around the crown.
- Follow-up: You may be scheduled for a follow-up visit to ensure the crown is functioning properly and that there are no issues with your bite or the surrounding tissues.
Types of Crowns:
There are different types of crowns made from various materials, including:
- Porcelain: Aesthetic and natural-looking, ideal for front teeth.
- Porcelain-Fused-to-Metal: Stronger than pure porcelain, often used for back teeth.
- Metal: Durable and long-lasting but less aesthetic; often used for back teeth where strength is more important.
- Resin: A less expensive option but not as durable as other materials.
- Zirconia: A strong and aesthetic material that can be used for both front and back teeth.
Advantages of Dental Crowns:
- Restores Function: Crowns restore the function of a damaged or weakened tooth, allowing you to chew and speak normally.
- Improves Appearance: Crowns can significantly improve the appearance of a damaged or discolored tooth.
- Durable: Crowns are made from durable materials, ensuring long-lasting protection for your tooth.
- Prevents Further Damage: A crown can protect a tooth from further damage, decay, or fracture.
Disadvantages or Considerations:
- Tooth Reduction: Some healthy tooth structure is removed during the preparation process to make room for the crown.
- Cost: Crowns can be expensive, especially if they are made from high-quality materials. Dental insurance may help cover part of the cost.
- Potential Sensitivity: After the procedure, the treated tooth may be sensitive to hot, cold, or pressure, but this usually resolves in a few days.
Conclusion
Getting a dental crown is a relatively straightforward procedure that can help restore the appearance and function of a damaged or decayed tooth. The process usually involves two visits: one for preparing the tooth and taking an impression, and another to fit and cement the permanent crown. With proper care, dental crowns can last for many years, protecting your tooth and improving your smile.