Dental Cleaning

A dental cleaning (also called a prophylaxis) is a routine procedure done by a dentist or dental hygienist to remove plaque, tartar, and stains from your teeth. It helps maintain oral hygiene, prevent cavities, and detect potential issues early. Here’s a step-by-step look at how a typical dental cleaning is done:
1. Initial Examination
- Medical History Review: Before starting, the dentist or hygienist might ask for an update on your medical history, including any health conditions, medications, or changes that might affect your oral care.
- Visual Inspection: The dental professional will perform a visual exam to check for any signs of oral problems, such as cavities, gum disease, or other abnormalities. They may also take X-rays if needed.
2. Scaling (Removing Plaque and Tartar)
- Scaling Tool: The first major step in the cleaning process is scaling, where the dentist or hygienist uses a small handheld instrument called a scaler or an ultrasonic device to remove plaque and tartar (hardened plaque) from the surfaces of your teeth.
- Manual Scaling: A manual scaler has a small hook-like tip that is used to scrape away plaque and tartar from the tooth surface, especially near the gum line and between teeth.
- Ultrasonic Scaling: An ultrasonic scaler uses vibrations and a stream of water to break up and loosen plaque and tartar. It has a small metal tip that vibrates, helping to remove debris, while water flushes it away. The water also helps cool the tool and clean the mouth.
- Thorough Cleaning: The scaler is used along the entire surface of each tooth, above and below the gum line, to remove all accumulated tartar and plaque. This step is important because tartar can’t be removed by brushing or flossing at home—it requires a professional cleaning.
3. Polishing
- Polishing Paste: After scaling, the hygienist will use a special polishing tool (a slow-spinning electric brush) along with a gritty toothpaste-like substance (called prophylaxis paste) to polish your teeth. This step smooths the surface of your teeth, removing any remaining plaque and surface stains.
- Taste and Sensation: The polishing paste has a gritty texture and is often flavored, but it may feel a bit rough on your teeth. The dentist or hygienist will move the tool around each tooth to ensure an even polish.
4. Flossing
- Flossing Technique: After polishing, the hygienist will floss between your teeth to remove any remaining debris. Flossing ensures that the areas between your teeth, where a toothbrush might miss, are thoroughly cleaned.
- Assessment: This step also allows the hygienist to check your gums for signs of swelling or bleeding, which could indicate early stages of gum disease (gingivitis).
5. Rinsing
- Mouth Rinse: The dentist may ask you to rinse with a special mouthwash that helps kill bacteria and promote overall oral health. Some rinses may also help reduce any sensitivity you may experience after cleaning.
- Flushing Out Debris: The rinse helps remove any debris left in your mouth after the scaling and polishing, leaving your mouth feeling clean and refreshed.
6. Fluoride Treatment (Optional)
- Fluoride Application: Depending on the office and your oral health needs, the dentist may apply a fluoride treatment at the end of your cleaning. Fluoride helps to strengthen your enamel and protect against cavities.
- Foam or Gel: The fluoride is usually applied as a foam or gel, placed in a tray that fits over your teeth. You may need to bite down gently to hold the tray in place for about one to four minutes.
- Precautions: After a fluoride treatment, the dentist may advise avoiding eating or drinking for 30 minutes to allow the fluoride to fully absorb into your teeth.
7. Post-Cleaning Advice
- Oral Hygiene Tips: After the cleaning, the dentist or hygienist will often provide advice on how to improve your daily oral care routine, such as proper brushing and flossing techniques, or recommend specific products if needed.
- Sensitivity: If you experience any sensitivity after the cleaning (which can happen, especially after polishing), the dentist may suggest using a toothpaste designed for sensitive teeth.
8. Scheduling Next Appointment
- The dentist or hygienist will typically recommend when you should schedule your next cleaning. For most people, this is every six months to maintain good oral health, but some individuals may need more frequent cleanings depending on their oral health condition (e.g., gum disease).
Why Dental Cleaning is Important:
- Prevents Cavities: Regular cleaning removes plaque and tartar, preventing tooth decay and cavities.
- Prevents Gum Disease: Removing buildup of plaque and tartar helps prevent gingivitis (early gum disease) and more advanced periodontal disease.
- Maintains Fresh Breath: Cleaning eliminates bacteria and plaque that contribute to bad breath (halitosis).
- Monitors Oral Health: During the cleaning, the dentist or hygienist can spot early signs of problems like cavities, gum disease, and even oral cancer, allowing for early intervention.
The process is straightforward and relatively quick, typically taking 30 to 60 minutes depending on the condition of your teeth and how much buildup there is. Regular cleanings help keep your mouth healthy and avoid more serious dental issues down the road.